The age of autonomous machines and intelligent IoT devices is upon us. They will affect many aspects of our lives. They will bring about a new generation of diagnostic instruments to clinics, improve cars and transportation, create new consumer experiences, while being embedded into the networks that power and inform society, and will underpin the efficient provision of public and private services. Increasingly they sense their surroundings, operate autonomously and collaborate with other devices seamlessly. Critical to their operation, will be improving the safety, security, and quality of life of humans that interact with such intelligent systems. To interact efficiently and effectively, sensing and interpreting human behaviour will become mission critical to connecting the human user with automation systems. This white paper outlines the core horizontal topics necessary to teach machines to sense and understand humans and use cases where “AI at the Extreme Edge” is not only critical but transformative.